Personal Statement for MD and DO Medical Schools

For MD and DO Medical Schools - Personal Statement Example I have always had the desire of helping children get over their pain while at the same time hoping to gain the satisfaction of having been able to alleviate some of the suffering that children in my community might be suffering. It is for this reason that I was motivated to undertake both service and medical work in other countries including Haiti after the earthquake, and the Dominican Republic where I had an opportunity to witness firsthand some of the medical problems that affect people. Among the medical problems that I found to be extremely prevalent in Haiti was the significant number of HIV infections within the population as well as malnutrition which affects more than half of the country’s population. One of the greatest benefits that I personally reaped from being able to take on medical work in these countries is the confidence in my ability work under pressure despite the significant number of patients who had come for treatment. This new confidence in myself has enabled me to think of a greater role for myself in future than I had previously considered when I dreamed of being a doctor. In addition, my experience in Haiti and the Dominican Republic was further enhanced through the manner in which the medical staff in these countries was able to deal with such common problems as dengue and malaria with very limited resources. The result was that I managed to see firsthand how the skills displayed by doctors are necessary for dealing with a diverse number of medical issues. I count these experiences as having been major factors in motivating me to seek to study medicine and once I returned to the United States, my passion for medicine has led me to shadow many professionals in the different fields of medicine so that I gain some knowledge from them. One of the main reasons why I would like to get into medical

Capitalism vs Communism Essay

Capitalism vs Communism Essay Communism and capitalism, the totally opposite systems, always fight, although the capitalism is a bit older than the communism.The most important ones of these fights date back to the Cold War.This war was between the countries of Warsaw Pact and the ones of NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization).Actually, the primary participants military forces never officially clashed directly, they expressed the conflict through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda, and technological competition, such as Space Race.All right, what are the differences between these two systems?They can be contrasted out in terms of the viewpoints about ecenomy and the social life. The viewpoints of these systems about the economy are totally different.The capitalist system uses the opinions of liberal economy policy. The most important person about this policy was Adam Smith.In his book The Wealth of Nations, he expressed that the free market, while appearing chaotic and unrestained, was actually guided to produce the right amount and variety of goods by so-called invisible hand.Smith made his laws about the economic system like the natural laws.According to him,the individuals by pursuing their own interest frequently promote the society more effectually than when they intend to promote it.This was the brief explanation of the invisible hand term and similar to food chains in an ecosystem.In free market system, individuals join the ecenomy as consumers, laborers, and investors.For example, as consumers, individuals influence production patterns through their purchase decisions, as producers they will change production in order to produce what is most profitab le.As laborers, individuals may decide which jobs to prepare for and in which markets to look for work.As investors, they decide how much of their income to save and how to invest their savings.These savings provide much of the money that businesses need to grow.All of these forms supply-demand and competition parts of the capitalist eceonomy.On the other hand, the communism system was set up on the Marxism ideology.Marx gave the importance to the labor and labor power.He named people who must sell their labor power as proleterians and ones who buy the labor power as capitalists.He observed that in practice every successful industry input unit-costs are lower than output unit-prices.Marx called the difference surplus value and argued that this had its source in surplus labor, the difference between what it costs to keep workers alive and what they can produce.At the same time, this value was the capitalists profit.In fact, this value was created by the proleterians labor-power.There fore it should belong to the laborer.Communism sort out this problem and suggests that people earn proportionally to their labor-power.It is totally against the individuals competition.On the contrary, it encourages the collectivism of labor.For instance, a professor can work as a construction worker for the building necessity of the country in order to shorten the building time.After Long Walk of Mao in 1949, China became an communist country.However Chinas communism was different from the others.China wasnt a country of Cold War and Maoism, Far East version of Marxism-Leninism, was used in this country.In addition to the laborer, agriculture and villagers are given great importance by Mao because the life in China was associated with the soil.As it is said in the journal New China and the Old : What China is able to do on top of that, which other capitalist countries cannot, is use the power of the State plan large projects and harness both private and public companies to achieve them, today China uses the power of seeming communism to become big capitalist.Their actual political system is now capitalism. In addition to viewpoints about economy, their perspectives about social life are totally different.The capitalism encourages the individualism. Competition is the main element of individualism.Each individual must be better than the others to earn his life as if he were an animal trying to survive in the wild nature.This leads bad emotions to spread out in the society, such as mistrust, outrage ,and discrimination.Another result of capitalism is consumerism.In capitalism, the social life is formed with respect to the principles of Consume-Obey-Die.People dont have enough time to think, and examine their lives.They are encouraged to consume without thinking what will happen as a result of their actions.This cause people become alienated from production.In other words, this led people to become unaware the things which they produce, why they produce these and the results of their actions.On the other hand, as it is said in the journal Cuba, change is in the air: Its like young people here are in a cocoon, preparing and preparing themselves until they can one day break free and fly away., there is a closed social structure life in the communist countries.In fact, this is not the real property of communism.The reason for this is the real communism will not exist unless the borders of countries are removed. The system which now exists in the communist countries is not real communism, it is the dictatorship of proleteriat.Collectivism is also another content of communism.Communism encourages collectivism against the individualism.In communism, there is no family life because it is viewed as the rest of feudalism.People live in the units named as commune.They eat food at the refectories and sleep in the dormitories. To sum up, communism and capitalism have some problems.The principles of capitalism is against the humanity which is formed by the things which distinguish a human from an animal.Capitalism leads to an idea which is that all the actions done in order to get money can be acceptable.Imperialism, the fundamental necessity to maintain capitalism, is the biggest enemy of the humanity.World War 1, the war in Iraq, and in Palestine and terrorism in Turkey are some examples of violonce created by imperialism.On the other hand, the viewpoint of communism about the family life is wrong.This also causes big restriction in human life.In the near future,there will be a system which is composite of capitalism and communism.In this system,the difference between the earnings of people will be very small ,and there will be family life not communes but there will be collectivism of labor.Imperialism will be no longer valid.The most important thing is that the children wont be killed in order to make p rofit.

The Human Genome Project :: essays research papers

Marshall, Elizabeth L. The Human Genome Project: Cracking The Code Within Us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York, New York: Franklin Watts, 1996. 1-128.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth L. Marshall was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She grew up in areas of southern California, and in parts of New York City. She lives in Columbus, Ohio, and is currently married and has two daughters. She attended and graduated from the University of Virginia with a B.A. in English. She then graduated from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master of Fine Arts degree in fictional writing. She has worked form several scientific journals and magazines and is a member of the National Association of Science Writers. She has also written several well known books including Conquering Infertility: Medical Challenges and Moral Dilemmas, and High-Tech Harvest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose this book because it seemed like an interesting topic, and because I thought it might help me understand more things about DNA. Someone else who read it said that it had a lot to do with the things we covered in class too so I figured it would be as good a choice as any.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is about the amazing task of mapping and showing all the sequences of the thousands and thousands of genes in the human body. The book is split up into nine chapters each of which covers a different aspect of this incredible project. The book tells all about almost every aspect of the project. It tells all about the project and what the point is, what has been accomplished so far, and when they expect it to be finished. According to the introduction the project is actually expected to be finished sometime this year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first chapter starts off with the basic structure of DNA and describes how the base pairing of each nucleotide creates each amino acid, which when all put together create a strand of DNA. It also gives an idea of who is working on the project. She lists several major cities where the project is being worked on and then goes on to explain how between all these different teams, who are all working on some different aspect of the project, there are also anywhere from 200 to 400 other smaller teams all around the country working on it. The next chapter is about chromosome 18, and how a slight mistake in it can cause things like mental retardation and deafness, and what they are trying to do to help stop or fix chromosome 18 deletion syndrome.

How to Lose Belly Fat and Get a Flat Stomach Essay

In this article we provide a series of diet rules that you must follow if you wish to lose weight and get a flat stomach. Then we have some specific advice for men, women, teens and seniors and finally cover the lifestyle factors and exercises which are needed to maintain a healthy weight. We then review some of the weight loss advice from major publications over the last decade. At the end of the article you will find links to several of our fitness workouts that will help you to lose weight. Knowing how to lose belly fat is the first step in gaining that flat stomach that so many people aspire to. Once the fat is lost you are only one step away from attaining the ultimate dream, six pack abs. However, even a thin layer of loose belly fat can be hard to shift. If you are looking for advice on how to lose stomach fat then following these tips and tricks will help you to lose that gut quickly. Combined with a fitness plan, these tips to lose belly fat will speed up weight loss and get you in shape in no time. Not everyone wants a washboard abs, but if you just want to trim down some inches around the waist and get a flatter stomach, these tips can really help you. Remember that central obesity is bad for your health and that losing belly fat reduces risks of developing more serious health issues in the future such as diabetes and heart disease. Diet Rules To Reduce Visceral Fat / Belly Fat Say Goodbye to Belly Fat! 1. Throw Out The Junk Food – Reduce Sugar and Saturated Fat To lose stomach fat you have to throw out the junk food! You are what you eat, so don’t eat junk. Do not keep junk food like cookies, chips, sweets and other similar products in your house. Junk food and addiction to sugar is considered to be the greatest cause of belly fat today. There are some foods that burn belly fat which will help you, but you still have to control calories. If you do not have these bad foods lying around, you will not think about them and after sometime, you will break the bad eating habits. Most weight loss plans provide great nutrition advice and motivational tips to help you keep your healthy diet on track and this is essential for losing belly fat. But, why is junk food so bad? Mostly it is due to the high sugar content of junk food. Most junk food consists of refined carbs and sugar, which when eaten quickly raise blood sugar levels, leading to reduction in fat burning and increase in appetite. 2. Carbohydrates and Losing Belly Fat – Low GI Carbs are Best Consumption of carbohydrate is essential for losing belly fat, but there are good carbs and bad carbs. Refined flours and the foods that they create, such as white bread, pasta, donuts, cakes and biscuits (yes, biscuits cause weight gain) should be avoided. They can cause bloating, poor digestion, and lead to accumulation of fat, which is the opposite of how to lose belly fat! â€Å"Good carbs†, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, should be eaten instead. Slow release carbohydrates are also beneficial, such as oats, brown rice, some pulses and sweet potato. A diet that takes most of its carbs from fruits and vegetables, as opposed to refined flours, is healthier. Read our Low GI Diet eBook to learn how the glycemic index help you to lose weight. Ideally granary or wholemeal bread should be eaten instead of white bread, and biscuits / cookies and cakes should be avoided. Consuming too much carbohydrate can bump up your insulin level, which can slow down your metabolism. Your body cannot metabolize too much carbohydrate at once because the body does not need so much energy at once. The excess sugar from the carbohydrates will just turn into stomach fat. Much research has shown that adopting the Atkins Nutritional Approach, i.e. a high fat/protein diet, is the way ahead to lose weight fast. Avoiding carbs increases the fat burning metabolism (lipolysis), which helps to reduce belly fat to get a flat stomach. Combine your meals with a good mixture of protein, carbohydrates and vegetables. Your source of protein should be in the size of a deck of cards; the carbohydrates in the size of your palm and the major bulk of your meals should come from vegetables, ideally low GI vegetables. (advertisement) 3. The Natural Way to Lose Belly Fat – Eat Like a Cave Man Following a natural food idea is a great way to lose belly fat as if combines the rules above, that is you avoid all junk food and all processed food, sugar and saturated fats. Following a Caveman Diet or a Low GI diet are two ways to lose belly fat the natural way. It is important that you avoid gimmicks and pills when try to lose weight. You need to make a lifestyle change and carry on eating a healthy diet and exercise after you lose weight. Systems such as the HCG Diet and Lemonade Cleanse / Maple Syrup Diet may aid fast weight loss initially but in the long-term there is a much greater risk of putting the weight back on again. 4. No More Late Night Snacks – Stop Comfort Eating Try not to have late night snacks. The main problem with late night snacking is that there is not much activity done afterwards. People go straight to bed right after the late night meal because they are tired. So, this will cause high sugar levels in the blood stream and no energy spent after that. The excess sugar will just turn into belly fat very quickly. You can reduce you hunger and food cravings by following a low glycemic diet. Fluctuations in blood sugar causes increases in appetite. Losing stomach fat requires a strict diet so avoiding hunger is essential. Late night snacking is often emotional eating and not eating to nourish. 5. Drink Less Alcohol To Lose Weight Decrease alcohol consumption. If you drink a lot, you will accumulate fat around your waist. Excess alcohol consumption can really give you a belly. Have you seen people who are slim all over but have a beer belly sticking out? Well, that is the effect of excess alcohol consumption. Alcohol does not contain any nutrients at all. So, all the energy consumed through alcohol will be stored as belly fat! If you want to lose weight fast then you need to stop drinking for a while. You do not need to give up alcohol completely, but just drink in moderation. Do not drink everyday and limit yourself to just one glass of wine or one bottle of beer. (advertisement) Lifestyle Changes To Help Lose Weight Get Faster Results: Free Weight Loss Guide Super Fitness Plans Low GI Diet Plan 31 Day Fat Loss 1. Turn Out The Lights Before Bed Sleep research has shown that sleeping with a light on, even just a dim night light, is enough to cause changed to appetite. Researchers found that subjects that sleep with a light on gain more weight. 2. Exercise for Weight Loss – Burn Fat With Cardio and Weights Exercise is vital for weight loss and long-term health. Exercising has an immediate effect on weight, in that as you exercise you burn energy (mostly glycogen stored in muscle tissue). The body replaces the lost energy by breaking down sugar reserves in fat cells. This is why we lose weight (fat) when we exercise. Exercise also helps build muscle and this means that your metabolism is raised permanently. Finally, the more exercise you do, the fitter you get. The fitter you are, the more you can exercise and the more calories you burn. If you do not know how to get started, find a fitness class, hire a personal trainer or learn from or guides. If you want to exercise by yourself then books exercise can help (there are some old but free books on gymnastic exercises here). We have a growing selection of advice and articles to help you get fit here at MotleyHealth.com. 3. What is the Best Exercise to Lose Belly Fat? The question that is so often asked has finally been answered by sports scientists. Researchers from the Duke Uni Medical Center have found that aerobic exercise is more effective at burning visceral (belly) fat than weight training. Visceral fat is the least healthy of fat too. It causes diabetes, heart disease and some forms of cancer. â€Å"Resistance training is great for improving strength and increasing lean body mass. But if you are overweight, which two-thirds of the population is, and you want to lose belly fat, aerobic exercise is the better choice because it burns more calories.† – Dr. Cris Slentz, Duke University Medical Center, 2011. How to Lose Belly Fat with Exercise The key to losing belly fat is to exercise often. We suggest exercising at least 7 times per week. If you can fit in 2 workouts a day all the better. Although sports research has indicated that intensive exercise is most effective, this new research suggests that really it is just a matter of burning more calories. So whether you spring or walk makes no difference, so long as you do the work. Sprinting obviously burns calories quicker than walking but if you can only walk that just means is that you have to exercise for longer each day. There are many exercise routines that will help you to get a 6 pack once you have lost all your belly fat. However, the most important thing is to combine different workouts. Weight training is essential, as building muscle speeds metabolism. Intensive exercise, such as interval training and circuit training burns fat fast. Keep it varied, and you will lose weight. Remember that although stomach exercises will not help you to lose belly fat, they will help to tone the mid-section and develop your abdominals. If exercise is simply not an option for you then you should read the section on How to Lose Weight which explains the role of food, hormones and fat loss. Although diet plays the most important role in losing weight and belly fat, exercise really is essential. Fortunately there are some fitness and weight loss plans that are tailored to help people lose belly fat. We have many workouts in our fitness section.

Internal Building Security Proposal Essay

Internal Building Security Proposal Access Control is an important part of any business. Anytime a business is under construction it will be more vulnerable to threats and attacks. Construction will need more protection because of the ability to gain easier access to a building because of the open areas within the building. Certain areas in a building are a target for attacks. Some areas are higher risk because of the information or high-value assets within the building. Access Control is the best way to wing out some threats and minimize other threats. Each individual at an access point will have several types of protection such as gates, lighting, cameras, detectors, sensors and other devices that can check individuals thoroughly and make sure each one is authorized to be in the building. Keeping individuals out that have no authorization can lower threats and minimizes chances of damage occurring externally. Access control will work from the outside in to protect a business. Technology is continuing to get better and there are a lot more devices available that can enhance security and help assist the personnel when concerning responsibilities. Access control still needs the support of security personnel to make sure all the devices are functioning properly. Technology has to be maintained to run properly and do what it is designed to do. Access Control was created to keep unwanted individuals from entering a location and to prevent from any employees or personnel from leaving with any valuable information unnoticed. There are so many ways to access a building that any vulnerable areas may be threatened at some point. Access control helps to minimize the vulnerabilities and lower threats against a business. Construction on a building will leave certain areas vulnerable and will be more difficult to secure because of all the individuals coming from outside of the business to do a job. More people can mean more threats, this will need more protection. Some of the types of technology that are becoming popular for protection are wireless access points, cameras, sensors,  detectors, wands, and computers. Security personnel are using these devices to detect and deter crime in the work environment (University of Phoenix, 2008). Wireless Access points and surveillance are becoming more common because of the portability. It is more difficult to carry around a big computer for monitoring purposes and access control. A wireless computer is much more compact and lighter to carry around while handling the responsibilities of monitoring employees at an access point. A building will also have a way for security personnel to monitor different areas of the building by using cameras. A wireless computer can make it easier to monitor these different areas all in one area. Cameras will not take the place of security but can make it easier for security to cover more ground successfully and still be able to perform other duties. One advantage that cameras have is that as long as maintenance is kept up that cameras will run non-stop even when security is unavailable or just in a different location. Crime can still occur with security on patrol. Areas more vulnerable can use cameras to help catch any activity that seems out of place. In most instances cameras are only viewed when something has already occurred and can validate an individual’s where physical where about during a certain time period. Sensors are a growing trend at access points. Many industrial buildings will have products that employees will have contact with during a work day. A business will use sensors on products to keep track of the location, while in the building. One product may be received and shipped from one location to the next until the process is complete and ready to be shipped to another building. Sensors can also be caught at access points if individuals attempt to leave the building with a product without authorization. One device that can find such sensors is the detector. At several access points for employees’ detectors will be present and scanned over an individual to ensure that no sensors are found before leaving a building during lunch and after work hours. A wand is just one type of detector that will scan and have an alarm go off when it detects certain materials. Individuals will have to physically take anything out of their pockets and show that it is not a business product. Another type of detector is a full body detector that can detect different objects on a person without having to do a strip search. Computers is somet hing that is storing more data for a business and also it has the capability of doing other tasks  such as viewing camera feed during recording, and keeping track of authorization, cards, and keys for employees. At different access gates, a card will need scanning before entering. A computer can make sure that the card scanned at the gate is valid. A private intranet will hold information for a business about employees, customers, employers, and the business products and services. This type of device will have access points within the system. A computer will have a private server but is still running on the internet and can be hacked. Hackers will try and find ways to access the information and retrieve or damage it. A business can find ways to strengthen the access points into the private database and prevent hackers from accessing business information. A computer will have software, updates, passwords, and programs to protect intruders from hacking thedatabase without authorization. Computers need protection to prevent from damage. A system that has been hacked can corrupt the system and make it unusable. A way of protecting a system before it is damaged is having a back-up system. If the system is destroyed the back-up can make a business more prepared for any threats or damage to restore the system back to normal (University of Phoenix, 2011). A business will have certain areas that contain more vital information or equipment that can be threatened by construction. Areas that are more high-value need more layers of protection against any threats. Data of a business will contain information such as customer records which will have information, such as where they live, telephone numbers, full names, social security numbers and more which can be used to commit other crimes such as fraud. High-value areas are more vulnerable because the amount of damage that can be done will cost more than in other areas of the building. For instance, bathrooms of a facility will have little to no products and are less of a risk than an office. So the security will focus more on offices because of the amount of value. Some areas may only include security cameras for monitoring an area. A big high-value area could include the main power room. This area can cause damage to not only the building but also to the equipment. The main power room may have heavier walls, more cameras, passwords, security personnel, and other types of protection. There are several considerations that should be kept in mind such as who can access the room, who will be working in a room that is in the high-value areas? High-value rooms will be threatened  normally both internally and externally. If a construction area is near anything high-value at a business, extra precautions may be taken to make sure the area is secure from both types of threats. Internal building security is important to have for every business to protect the business. A business has many assets that are unable to protect themselves. Security personnel are hired to protect the business, the people, and the environment. In a new building security will be less effective because of financial status and experience with threats. The type of threats will vary and the only way to avoid vulnerabilities is attempting to use other existing buildings methods when concerning access control, surveillance, and the protection of high-value areas. A business has to prepare for threats before they occur and then deal with new ones as they arise if there is no prior experience with the type of threat. For example, hackers are always finding ways to hack a system. No code or encryption that is created is identical and all the programs and software in the world can protect a business from all threats. A business needs constant management to evolve with society and the new changes. Taking advantage of new technologies will improve the chance of success for both the business and security. References University of Phoenix. (2008). Design and Evaluation of Physical Protection and Systems.

Terrorist suspects held in Guantaacute;namo Bay

Terrorist suspects held in Guantaacute;namo Bay GuantÂÆ'Â ¡namo has many faces. For some it conjures the "Guantanamera" guajira (peasant woman), sung to the verses of the leader of the Cuban war of independence of 1895, the lawyer and poet Jose MartÂÆ'Â ­. To others it is the tropical sugar-mill town of some 200,000 inhabitants in the easternmost province of Cuba. To most Americans "Gtmo" only means the Bay and the naval base on it, the oldest outside of the United States, which was occupied by the US during the Spanish-American war of 1898 and subsequently leased by the US from Cuba pursuant to a 1903 lease agreement. One of Cuba's best ports, Gtmo occupies an area of 117.6 square kilometres (larger than Manhattan Island) for which the United States used to pay an annuity of $2,000 (increased to $4,085 in 1934). Cuba, however, does not cash the annuity checks and instead has repeatedly asked the United States since 1959 to dismantle the base and leave, since the lease had been imposed by force, and such arrangements are deeme d invalid under modern international law.English: The Bill of Rights, the first ten amendme...For Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, GuantÂÆ'Â ¡namo means the "legal black hole" for 660 internees from 42 nations, some of them Taliban fighters, suspected terrorists and other persons captured in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bosnia and other countries and flown to Cuba, thousands of miles away, for internment in Camp X (now Camp Delta) nearly two years ago. For the British senior Justice Lord Johan Steyn, Guantanamo entails "a monstrous failure of justice."Legal Status of the DetaineesAs to the legal status of the detainees, the International Committee of the Red Cross observes that essentially they "have been placed beyond the law." But is there such a thing as a "legal black hole"? I submit that there is not. As a corollary to Baruch Spinoza's...

The Relevance of Journal Articles in the Management of Organizations

The Relevance of Journal Articles in the Management of Organizations Introduction Studies are very significant for the development of any organization. Articles published in journals are usually excellent on organizational development. Scholarly articles in journals usually are as a result of rigorous research carried out. Such articles bring to light emerging issues and offers solutions to such issues and therefore they are very relevant in the management of organizations. This paper will briefly discuss the relevance of journal articles in the management of organizations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relevance of Journal Articles in the Management of Organizations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Information is Power An old saying claims that information is power. This is very true of journal articles as they can be viewed as an empowerment to organizations. It is worth noting that journal article goes through rigorous process before being approved for publishing. Their authe nticity is proved before being accepted. It is worth noting that the authors of journal article are authorities in the field that they write about and therefore they are usually well versed with the relevant and current knowledge on whatever topic they write about. In most cases journal article will an emerging issue in a particular industry (Cofrin 2010, p. 1). According to the editor of Academy of Management Journals Ireland (2010), the following are the characteristics that qualify the publishing of an article in the journal: â€Å"theory, literature review, method, integration, contribution, and citations† (Ireland 2010, p. 1). Theory A reviewed journal article is one which positively answers the following questions, â€Å"Does the paper test, create, or extend management theory in a meaningful way? Does the study inform or improve our understanding of prior theory? Are major concepts clearly defined?† (Ireland 2010, p. 1) Management theories are meant for the mana gement of organizations and therefore anything which will make the concept clear and relevant will imply enhance better management of organizations. Literature Review For an article to qualify for review it has to have used the correct literature in arriving at its arguments. This ensures that the arguments made and evidence cited can be relied on by the readers. Reliable information is of great significance especially if the concepts argued therein are to be put into practical application. By ensuring that such information is reliable the articles can then be used as managerial guides. Methodology A reviewed article is one that ensures the following questions are answered satisfactorily, Do the sample, measures, methods, observations, procedures, and statistical analyses ensure internal and external validity? Are the statistical procedures used correctly and appropriately? Are the major assumptions of the statistical techniques reasonably well met (i.e., no major violations)? (Irel and, 2010, p. 1)Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The review team ensures that the correct methodology is used as a precautionary measure in ensuring that the arguments made are sound and relevant. Proper methodology is significant for the purpose of reliability. Integration and Contribution A reviewed article is one that provides â€Å"a new and meaningful contribution to the management literature in terms of theory, empirical knowledge, and management practice† (Ireland, 2010, p. 1). it is also noted that a reviewed article â€Å"makes a new and meaningful contribution to the management literature in terms of theory, empirical knowledge, and management practice† (Ireland, 2010, p. 1). Integration and contribution therefore beyond any doubt makes an article quite relevant for application in the real world of organizations. It is also worth noting that the articles in journals usually try to solve real problems which touch on real life problems (Richard and Arie, 2008, p. 1). Conclusion Reviewed articles take a lot of measures to prepare. They are specific and relevant to the world of organizations as they tackle real problems that arise from the management of these organizations. The researches carried out when these articles are being written are based on the issues touching on the organizations. Therefore it is very correct to claim that reviewed articles are very relevant for use in organizations. References Cofrin, D. (2010). Street Gangs in America. Cofrin Library. Web. Ireland, D. (2010). Important-Attention AMJ reviewers. Academy Management Journal. Web. Richard, D and Arie, L. (2008). Rigor and relevance in organization studies: idea migration and academic journal evolution. HighBeam Business. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relevance of Journal Articles in the Management of Organizatio ns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Appendix The following articles were the award winning articles as per the vetting of the Academy of Journal Management Team. List of Articles 2008 Michael L. Barnett and Andrew A. King. â€Å"Good Fences Make Good Neighbors: A Longitudinal Analysis of an Industry Self-Regulatory Institution.† 51(6): 1150-1170. 2007 Donde Ashmos Plowman, Lakami T. Baker, Tammy E. Beck, Mukta Kulkarni, Stephanie Thomas Solansky and Deandra Villarreal Travis. Radical Change Accidentally: The Emergence and Amplification of Small Change. 50(3): 515-543. 2006 Royston Greenwood Roy Suddaby. Institutional Entrepreneurship in Mature Fields: The Big Five Accounting Firms. 49(1): 27-48. 2005 Ewan Ferlie, Louise Fitzgerald, Martin Wood Chris Hawkins. The Nonspread of Innovations: The Mediating Role of Professionals. 48(1): 117-134. Clark G. Gilbert. Unbundling the Structure of Inertia: Resource versus Routine Rigidity. 48(5 ): 741-763. 2004 Rajshree Agarwal, Raj Echambadi, April Franco and MB Sarkar, Knowledge Transfer through Inheritance: Spin-out Generation, Development, and Survival. 47(4): 501 522. 2003 Kimberly D. Elsbach and Roderick M. Kramer, Assessing Creativity in Hollywood Pitch Meetings: Evidence for a Dual-Process Model of Creativity Judgments. 46(3): 283-301.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2002 Peter Sherer and Kyungmook Lee, Institutional Change in Large Law Firms: A Resource Dependency and Institutional Perspective, 45(1): 102-119. 2001 Scott E. Seibert, Maria L. Kraimer, and Robert C. Liden, A Social Capital Theory of Career Success, 44(2): 219-237 . 2000 Shaker A. Zahra, R. Duane Ireland, and Michael A. Hitt, International Expansion by New Venture Firms: International Diversity, Model of Market Entry, Technological Learning, and Performance, 43(5): 925-950. 1999 Walter J. Ferrier, Ken G. Smith, and Curtis M. Grimm,   The Role of Competitive Action in Market Share Erosion and Industry Dethronement: A Study of Industry Leaders and Challengers, 42(4): 372-388. 1998 Harry G Barkema and Freek Vermeulen, International Expansion through Start-up or Acquisition:   A Learning Perspective, 41(1): 7-26 1997 Anne S. Tsui, Jone L. Pearce, Lyman W. Porter, and Angela M. Tripoli, Alternative Approaches to the Employee-Organization Relationship: Does Investment in Employees P ay Off? 40(5): 1089-1121 1996 Danny Miller and Jamal Shamsie, The Resource-Based View Of The Firm In Two Environments : The Hollywood Film Studios From 1936 To 1965, 39(3): 519-543. 1995 Mark Huselid, The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity, and Corporate Financial Performance, 38(3): 635-672. 1994 Eric Abrahamson and Choelsoon Park, Concealment of Negative Organizational Outcomes: An Agency Theory Perspective, 37(5): 1302-1334. 1993 D. Harold Doty, William H. Glick, and George P. Huber, Fit Equifinality, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Test of Two Configurational Theories, 36(6): 1196-1250. 1992 Luis R. Gomez-Mejia and David B. Balkin, Determinants of Faculty Pay: An Agency Theory Perspective, 35(5): 921-955. 1991 Jane E. Dutton and Janet M. Dukerich, Keeping an Eye on the Mirror : Image and Identity in Organizational Adaptation, 34(3): 517-554. 1990 Lynn A. Isabella, Evolving Interpretation as a Change Unfolds: How Managers Construe Key Or ganizational Events, 33(1): 7-41.