Compromise Of 1877 Frederick Douglass History Essay

Bargain Of 1877 Frederick Douglass History Essay Frederick Douglass was one of the most notable blazing speakers and his well known talks, including The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro, were distributed in a wide range of abolitionist papers. On July 5, 1852, Douglass was welcome to introduce a discourse about the significance of the Fourth of July for Americas individuals of color. In his discourse, Douglass censured the demeanor of the American populace toward bondage. Indeed, Douglass was very radicalized by the section of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850. This law permitted the pursuit and capture of got away from slaves in regions where bondage had been annulled. Moreover, the law obliges the number of inhabitants in all states to effectively partake in the catch of outlaw slaves, and the serious discipline for the slaves, the individuals who harbor them, and the individuals who have not added to the catch of a slave. That is the reason, Douglass became radicalized by the section of the Fugitive Slave Law in 1850 and expressed that these occasions were exceptionally unfeeling in American history. Recreation was a period in the U.S. history after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877 years. In the U.S. history, reproduction include, right off the bat, a chronicled period following the Civil War between the North and the South, and, also, the change of the South in the period from around 1865-1866 to 1877 during the rebuilding of the administration and society in the previous Confederacy. Three received corrections to the Constitution have influenced the entire nation. In different southern states, remaking started and finished at various occasions, at long last, the culmination of this procedure is commonly viewed as a trade off of 1877. Recreation strategy was executed sometime later when the slaveholding South got itself totally helpless before the Federal Army. President Abraham Lincoln during the war made the Reconstruction government in a few Southern states Tennessee, Arkansas and Louisiana, and gave the land to previous slaves in South Carolina. After Lincolns death, Preside nt Andrew Johnson attempted to follow the arrangements of his ancestor and selected new governors in the mid year of 1865. Before long, he said that the goals of the war the national solidarity and the disposal of servitude have been accomplished and, along these lines, the reproduction was finished. All things considered, it is conceivable to infer that regardless of a great deal of misuse and the way that Reconstruction didn't go wonderfully, all the objectives were accomplished in a legitimate manner and it finished the partition between the North and South. In this manner, Reconstruction can be viewed as a triumph. The film Glory is based a genuine story that tells about the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer, which occurred during the Civil War. The 54th Regiment was the primary unit of the U.S. Armed force made totally out of blacks (aside from officials). The regiment was shaped in 1862 and headed by youthful Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, who accepted that previous slaves could likewise be acceptable warriors. Colonel Shaw should manage racial partiality of his adversaries and companions, the officials, who started to loathe him for his decision. The significant contrasts existed among the dark officers of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry were the way that the regiment included the free blacks, yet additionally the got away from ones who together battled for their opportunity rights. Also, the two of them were from various districts of source and had diverse instructive foundations. Notwithstanding, regardless of separation during the Civil War, blacks could demonstrate that they were acceptable warriors ready to battle to the passing for their privileges. The Emancipation of Proclamation was a record that comprised of two sets of Abraham Lincoln gave during the Civil War. The main declaration gave on September 22, 1862, announced free all slaves in any condition of the CSA. The subsequent announcement gave on January 1, 1863, named the 10 individual states to be secured by the abrogation of servitude. Toward the start, the Emancipation of Proclamation was condemned on the grounds that it liberated slaves just in the zones where the United States of America had no force. Notwithstanding, the Proclamation got opportunity to a huge number of slaves the day when it went into power, and in nine of the ten states in which it was applied (Texas was the main special case). In such a case, it is conceivable to state that the Emancipation of Proclamation was a demonstration of equity, which carried opportunity to dark slaves and strived to cancel bondage. From the earliest starting point of the Civil War, blacks in the North have made tireless endeavors to win the option to serve in the government armed force and to safeguard their opportunity. F. Douglas during the Civil War indefatigably clarified that the key policy driven issue is the pulverization of servitude and demanded the confirmation of blacks in the Union Army. Be that as it may, until the center of 1862 the legislature rejected them in this. Just affected by military misfortunes and the developing weight from the majority, it was chosen to call blacks in the Union Army. Prior to the Civil War, blacks were enlisted into the naval force, however just in non-soldier positions without the option to carry weapons. Accordingly, almost two years of war blacks were not permitted to join the military, and just the quantity of genuine wounds has constrained Republicans to acknowledge blacks into the Army. Necessary enlistment of blacks into the military was settled uniquely by the law of 24 February 1864, that is, in the last year of the war. Blacks battled with unmatched mental fortitude and assumed an immense job in the triumph of the North. Thus, it is conceivable to reach a determination that blacks during the common war indicated numerous instances of bravery and creativity and greatly affected the result of the Civil War.

Sony Case Study free essay sample

Sony had been so effective In the past with the Walkway, Plantation, and different hardware since they were imaginative and new for their time. They reshaped the music and gaming industry as we probably am aware it today. Without such turns of events, innovation probably won't be the place it is today. Sonnys rivalry was additionally immeasurably extraordinary. At the hour of the Walkway, there were no other significant contenders and the acquisition of CBS Records just assisted their fortification on the Industry. Sonnys item quality was additionally prevalent, as they were known worldwide for lessening hardware of the most noteworthy plan. 2. Mr.. Inert expressed that the coordination of the divisions over the worldwide market end up being very testing, yet yielded brilliant exercises for future mergers. He said that he would have favored a delicate procurement instead of a hard one, and in saying this, I accept he implies that In request to effectively Integrate new divisions In new markets, a vital coalition would religion the organization superior to a straight merger. We will compose a custom paper test on Sony Case Study or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Along these lines, the organization will have the option to survey the significant contrasts in the efferent markets, while not giving up creation. Mr.. Passed on noticed that there are points of interest and hindrances of this system, however I accept the vital partnership approach works best In the since quite a while ago run as youll have two in number organizations, who have a solid information on their present markets, cooperating to accomplish similar objectives. 3.Apple prevailing In the advanced convenient music industry since It took Sony standard of Innovation and utilized It to further Its potential benefit. Tunes started a totally novel and helpful route for customers to get music without leaving their mother, and with the case the main available gadget to it, clients had to purchase a case to receive the rewards. Sony appeared to be focused on the counter theft part of computerized music and their battle slowed down any endeavors to pick up influence on Apple and different organizations. Sony has a ton put resources into the music business, so their battle was substantial, yet it permitted an organization like Apple to increase a huge piece of the pie by offering a 100% legitimate method of acquiring music carefully. Sony end up being to some degree careless during this time and perhaps depended too vigorously on the past dedication of shoppers to burrow themselves UT the gap. Its obvious that this strategy didn't support them. 4. Sony doubtlessly could have discovered an alternate method to move toward the computerized music Industry, just as discover better approaches to effectively incorporate various divisions over the globe.Songs imprudence and ignorance to the ascent of the Internet permitted an organization like Apple to create Digital Rights Management to pick up contracts single gadget with similarity. Sony needs to discover mindful to keep away from the way of life stun that joins significant moves to various nations above all else. Theyll eve to accomplish more research on nations they plan on working in so as to stay away from a reduction in profitability. Also, Sony needs to return to their underlying foundations when they Newer the most inventive of all hardware producers.Their innovative work groups should be more honed so as to reveal the following extraordinary potential gadget and go with the flow. 5. Now, it might be almost difficult to contend with Apple (despite the fact that Im sure Apple felt a similar route about Sony at a certain point). As opposed to contend with Apple at first, Sony should fan out and center around a specific market that doesn't eve a stranglehold on, especially the figuring industry.Sony might need to make their PCs/tablets/scratch pad increasingly reasonable and appealing to purchasers, considering they all sudden spike in demand for a Microsoft working framework. In the event that they start fabricating Innovative figuring, it might start to bring purchasers once again from Apple. Apples items are famously costly, however there are organizations out there delivering comparable quality at lower costs. If Sony somehow managed to stick to this same pattern, the purchasers could rapidly return since individuals have not overlooked the nature of item Sony has generally created.

How Long Does It Take for ADHD Medication to Work

How Long Does It Take for ADHD Medication to Work ADHD Treatment Print How Long Does It Take for ADHD Medication to Work? By Jacqueline Sinfield facebook twitter Jacqueline Sinfield is an ADHD coach, and the author of Untapped Brilliance, How to Reach Your Full Potential As An Adult With ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Jacqueline Sinfield Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 30, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 20, 2018 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children How long ADHD medication takes to work depends on the type of medication you have been prescribed. Typically, ADHD medication falls into two categories:  stimulants and non-stimulants. Stimulants become effective fairly quickly, often in less than an hour. Non-stimulants can  take days or weeks until their full therapeutic effect is felt. The three  common reasons why people ask how long it takes for their ADHD meds to work relate to their individual responses to medication: Immediate improvement: Some people notice improvements in their ADHD symptoms on the first day of taking their medication. They wonder if their medication could really be working that quickly or whether the difference they felt was a placebo effect.No improvements: Other people have the opposite experience. They start to take medication and do not notice a difference in their ADHD symptoms. They are not sure if it is because of a time delay between taking ADHD medication and it being effective, or if their medication isn’t working for them.Are not sure: This group of people is not sure if their medication is working. They think it might be but any changes are subtle. Stimulant  Medication Stimulant medications are the first line of ADHD treatment as they are considered to be the most effective in treating symptoms. They act on the central nervous system and increase a number of neurotransmitters in the brain. The increase of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine means to focus and concentration improves and hyperactivity and impulsive behavior is reduced.?? There are two groups of stimulant medicationsâ€"amphetamine, and methylphenidate.  Here is a list of the common stimulants prescribed for ADHD and how long they typically take to work: Ritalin: Ritalin takes 20-30 minutes after swallowing before it starts to work. Immediate release Ritalin is effective for approximately three  hours, and the extended-release (Ritalin SR) lasts for approximately eight hours.??Concerta: Concerta is a long-lasting methylphenidate medication that uses a unique delivery system called OROS  (Osmotic Controlled Release Oral Delivery system).  Its effects are usually felt within one  hour of swallowing the capsule and lasts between 10 to 12 hours.??Daytrana: Is a methylphenidate patch for children to wear. The medication travels through the skin and is absorbed directly into the bloodstream.  The patch takes approximately two  hours to start working and remains effective between one and three hours after it has been removed. It can be worn for up to nine hours.??Quillivant XR: Quillivant XR is a methylphenidate liquid formula designed for children who have problems swallowing pills. It becomes effective within 45 minutes and continues to w ork for up to 12 hours.??Focalin and Focalin XR: Focalin and Focalin XR can become effective within 30 minutes of taking the medication. Focalin lasts approximately four  hours and Focalin XR can remain active for up to 12 hours.Adderall and Adderall XR: Adderall starts to work approximately 30 minutes to one  hour. The effects of Adderall typically begin to wear away after four hours. Adderall XR last approximately 12 hours.Vyvanse:  Vyvanse is a prodrug, which means it needs to be taken orally and metabolized by the body’s enzymes to become effective.  Because of this, it can take approximately one  to two hours to take effect and lasts approximately 14 hours.?? It is often described as a smooth drug because there is no jolt to the system when the medication begins to work, and there is less of a medication rebound when it begins to wear off.Dexedrine:  Dexedrine becomes effective within 30 minutes to one  hour. It is available in short-acting tablets, which are effective for ab out four to six hours. Extended-release capsules of Dexedrine are called Spansules and are effective for approximately eight to 10 hours. Non-Stimulant Medications Non-stimulant medications are second-line treatment options for ADHD. This is because while they are effective in treating ADHD, their effectiveness is not as universal as stimulant medications. Non-stimulants are a helpful option for someone who is not able to tolerate stimulant medication because of side effects or the presence of an underlying medical condition. Non-stimulants take approximately two  to six weeks to become effective as the drug  needs to be present in the body over time before the benefits can be seen. Because they take longer to work, adjusting medication to the right therapeutic dose also takes time Here is a list of the common non-stimulants prescribed for ADHD and how long they typically take to work Strattera:  Strattera is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) and chemically similar to an antidepressant. It can take between four to six weeks before the maximum therapeutic effect is felt.?? When therapeutic levels are reached, Strattera is effective for 24 hours.Wellbutrin:  Wellbutrin is the trade name for bupropion. It is an antidepressant that can be prescribed as an off-label ADHD treatment option. It can take approximately three to seven  days to become effective and four to six weeks to reach full effectiveness.  The XL version is taken once a day and last 24 hours.Intuniv: Intuniv is a time-release form of the antihypertensive drug Guanfacine.  It has been developed for sustained release over waking hours. It takes approximately two weeks for Intuniv to become effective.??Clonidine: One of  Clonidine’s trade names is Kapvay. It was originally prescribed to help with high pressure. It can take two  weeks or more to become effective.?? What If My Meds Are Not Working? If you have been taking ADHD medications and have not experienced an improvement in your symptoms, visit your doctor and explain your experience. Your doctor will usually start at a low dose and gradually increase the dose until the right therapeutical dose for you is found.  This is where there is an improvement in your symptoms without negative side effects. If higher doses of the medication are not helpful, your doctor might change your medication from an amphetamine ADHD medication to a methylphenidate medication or vice versa. A non-stimulant medication might be suggested, either alone or with a stimulant medication, as another option. Although some people experience positive results on the first day of taking medication, many people go back and forth with their doctor until they find the right medication and dosage that works for them.??  Although this can feel disappointing, it does not mean ADHD medication does not work for you. It just means you have not found the right medication and dose yet. A great way to know if your meds are working is to be strategic! In a notebook write down the ADHD symptoms you would like to see improvements with. Then, when you start taking medication document any changes,  personal observations and ask your spouse or family members for feedback too, as they might notice changes that you were not aware of.  If you are a parent, you can write down the changes you notice in your child, their teacher’s feedback as well as your child’s feedback. In addition to being helpful to you, this information will also be beneficial for your doctor.

Is Naja s Helper Application - 796 Words

_Naja s Helper Application To make this application stand out, I have added some custom questions. Please do not deny me for that, but these are some very needed questions that may help me get accepted. Keeping many of my answers short and sweet for good reasons. 1) What rank are you applying for? I am applying for Helper. 2) How old are you? I am 18 years old as of April 25th. 3) Are you a boy or a girl? I am a male. 4) What country do you live in? I currently reside in the United States, but I am originally from Australia, and will be there again in 3 months. 5) Do you have a YouTube/Twitch channel? I do not, but I can make one if required. 6) Do you have a microphone/headset? Yes, I have a Blue Yeti Pro. 7) Why do you want this rank? As I must give an honest answer, many users want me back. That is legitimately the main reason I want to become a helper. Many staff and many users have been skyping me asking me when I will return to OPCraft, saying they need me, and many other things. Well, today is that day. I m not sure why OPCraft needs me, but you do have a lot of staff! I could write a very long response about this, but knowing that the main thing you are looking for is the answer below, I m going to lower it down. In my time of styling every answer before this, I ve honestly been waiting for this question as it is one of the few that I can answer a lot, and make myself unique. Because, when searching for staff, I know you want the mostShow MoreRelatedIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesspeech (occasionally this is carried over into English so that quarter /’kwÉ”:tÉ™/ is pronounced [’xwÉ”ta])9. 4. Alphabetization and arrangement The alphabetical order is as follows: a b ch d e f g gb gh gw h i á »â€¹ j k kp kw l m n nw ny Å‹ o á »  p r s sh t u á » ¥ w y z high tone (unmarked), step tone ( ¯), low tone (`). It will be observed that the order here is strictly alphabetical, in that dotted letters follow their undotted counterparts (e.g. á »â€¹ follows i) and double letters (digraphs) follow single

Applied Research Technologies Essay - 824 Words

Bus 491Z2 Week #2 Applied Research Technologies Stephanie Porter How has ART been able to foster innovation and an entrepreneurial environment in the context of a large corporate entity? To be able to foster an entrepreneurial environment in the context of a larger corporate, there should be three components that the leaders should address. For one of the components is culture. Culture awareness is huge to the economy. They should accept that failure is part of the process and the willingness to encourage and support entrepreneurs when their first idea doesn’t work well. Another component is infrastructure. This means moving beyond the notion to include the traditional and nontraditional leadership, social†¦show more content†¦They worked with the technologists and developed a small scale oxidation system that enabled waste water disinfection. They received a lot of support on this project and the technologists developed a design. This design was not big nor did it need an electrical source, it could transfer waste within a couple minutes. So Vyas, being a front line person, wanted to learn more. He learned that only 2.5% of the world water is fresh, with that being said, most of it is frozen. They also learned that water born diseases were making up the 80% of infections in the world and also cause death. Vyas decided that it was a good idea to pursue the project and convinced the VP to allow the three technologists working on it to become members of his technical team. He also asked Wagner to do a market assessment to show potential opportunities for this technology. Cynthia Jackson thought Vyas was a great manager. He recruited and retained good people in his unity and built them into teams that had motivation. He had shown himself to be a good advocate for his group’s ideas. She had made it clear to Vyas that they were in jeopardy if things were not turned around. The third attempt had six people on the team in the United States and India. He is effective because he lead his team. He didn’t give upShow MoreRelatedApplied Research Technologies Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: APPLIED RESEARCH â€Å"Applied Research Technologies, Inc.† Phyllis A. Clayton Professor: Dr. Hakim B. Allah Project Management Leadership BUS 518 July 21, 2012 â€Å"Applied Research Technologies, Inc.† 1. Determine the leadership style that Peter Vyas exhibited as he considered the group’s proposal and provide examples of his behavior. Of the four leadership styles, participative, consultative, delegative, and directive, discussed in Lewis’ book Project LeadershipRead MoreApplied Research Technology - Case Analysis936 Words   |  4 Pageswill be clearer. To convince the vice-president, Vyas should demonstrate how the additional investment could be useful to implement the project, for example: an increase of $ 2 million in advertising expenditures, will educate customers to the new technology and will help people understand how their lives will be simplified by RIMOS, with a consequent increase in demand. Cynthia Jackson, vice-president of ART’s Water Management Division, has to decide on the commercialization of the mini-oxidationRead MoreCase Study of Applied Research Technologies Incorporation3895 Words   |  16 PagesCase study of Applied Research Technologies Incorporation The case study is about the Applied Research Technologies Incorporation, which is an emerging corporation in the field of technology. Company has built up its strength from mergers and acquisitions in the year of 1980 and 1990. As a result, in the year of 2006, the ART portfolio consist of 60 business units having major divisions of Industrial automation, Health care, HVAC (Heating ventilation and air conditioning) and Water management DivisionRead MoreEssay about Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc1270 Words   |  6 PagesHeader: Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc. LEADERSHIP STYLE AT APPLIED RESEARCH TECHNOLOGIES, Inc JOHN SMITH Dr. VALERY SHUMATE BUS 518, ASSIGNMENT #1 STRAYER UNIVERSITY Header: Leadership Style at Applied Research Technologies, Inc. 1. Determine the leadership style that Peter Vyas exhibited as he considered the group’s proposal and provide examples of his behavior. As a general manager of the Filtration Unit of Applied Research Technologies (ART), Peter Vyas noticesRead MoreStrategic goals: 1. Academic excellence 2. Focus on applied research 3. Workforce for 21st century2200 Words   |  9 PagesStrategic goals: 1. Academic excellence 2. Focus on applied research 3. Workforce for 21st century 4. Novel learning techniques 5. Nurture social and professional ethics in our students Strategic goals: 1. Academic excellence : †¢ Maintain cutting edge curriculum and create stimulating learning environment †¢ Quality curriculum and versatile study plans †¢ Recruitment and retaining highly qualified faculty †¢ Implementation of new academic interdisciplinary and cross disciplinary programs ActionsRead MoreManagement3506 Words   |  15 PagesSchool of Computing and Mathematics Faculty of BCL Request for Ethical Approval for Individual Study / Programme of Research by University Students Students conducting PG Independent Scholarship (PG IS), UG Applied Research Project (UG ARP), UG Maths Projects (UG MP) or Learning-through-Work (LTW) projects must complete this form and submit to their project supervisors for approval. After initial approval, project supervisors need to submit these forms to PG ISRead MoreConsumers Familiarity With Instagram As A Marketing Platform2064 Words   |  9 Pagescelebrity as an opinion leader †¢ Consumer’s product knowledge Introduction A shortfall acknowledged in Chapter Two found neglected aspects in research discussing a consumer’s perception to celebrities as product experts and to Instagram, as a social media marketing platform. Therefore, the study utilised the research objectives set, to discover new research into the overall attractiveness behind marketers using celebrity endorsements, in order to indicate whether they had any influence on participants’Read MoreApplied Research Technologies, Inc.: Global Innovation Challenge Case Study1133 Words   |  5 Pageswater issues. Their filtration unit has already experienced two failures in the launch of this product. Vyas, the business manager of this unit, is convinced that the unit can be turned around by innovativeness. He revives an abandoned oxidation technology and recommends his team to develop a small-scale oxidation system with the capacity of disinfecting waste-water in small batches. While the market analysis of the product proved promis ing, marketing the product was a tussle and it failed due toRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The Development Of Heavy And Chemical Industries992 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the eight years between 1992 and the 21st century, the result of investment in research and development (RD) by governments and private companies will change the pattern of economic activity as radically as the development of heavy and chemical industries did between 1955 and 1970. A new industrial structure is emerging, one based on microelectronics, computers, telecommunications, automation, biotechnology, aerospace, engineering, new materials and on new forms of energy. Since World WarRead MoreThe Linear Model of Innovation1397 Words   |  6 Pagesscience (and technology) and economic development. According to www.wikipedia.org, the original model of three phases of the process of Technological Change is as shown in the figure below. Figure 1. Process of Technological Change The Linear Model of Innovation prioritizes scientific research as the basis of innovation, and plays down the role of later players in the innovation process. The model further postulates that innovation starts with Basic Research, followed by Applied Research, then Development

Korean and Vietnam Wars - 2513 Words

The Korean War would be a radical step in fighting wars, as well as the feelings people had toward the war. All wars in American History fought before the Korean War were based on either national survival or the gain of territory. A strong conflict was created between the Soviet Union and the United States. From this conflict, tension was so strong that wars were fougt in the midst of this Cold War. The Korean War was the first America ever waged that was not fought for national survival, for territory, for manifest destiny or for hegemony. Korea was the first ideological war; (Coppel, 505). For example the American revolution was based on national survival. The people of the thirteen colonies wanted a nation in which they were†¦show more content†¦Mao ZeDong need to clear the U.S. forces because of many reasons or China would be in chaos. U.S. forces occupied most of the Yalu river, if this remained, the northeastern defense force of China would be pinned down, Southern Manchuria had hydroelectric plants in the North Korea which could be controlled by U.S. forces. As a result, international and domestic rioting would occur, also the question would arise of whether communistic society that china was using was better then the capitalistic democracy that the United States was using. The Vietnam War was similar in that it was caused by the conflicting ideals of communistic and capitalistic societies, and which would prove to be a better choice. The difference between the two wars was that in Korea, the ideals of communism were already thought to be the better choice by the North Vietnamese, where as in Vietnam the people were divided in what they thought. In both contries the south was based upon a capitalistic economy. South Vietnam was influenced to a capitalistic democracy from all of the United States which was aiding it in the war effort. Northern Vietnam was much the opposite. They already had a one party dictatorship in place and favored a communistic one because of the influence of their supporters. The Vietnam war was mainly a child of the Cold War between Russia and America. Northern Vietnam was receiving large benefits from the Soviet Union. They were shipped guns,Show MoreRelatedKorean War On The Vietnam War Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages T he Korean War, which triggered intense conflict between Soviet Union and the United States, was the first â€Å"hot war† in the Cold War era. It altered American Foreign policy from its root and also brought huge change in the international relations. In this paper, the international background of the Korean War and US foreign policy before the Korean War will be explained firstly. Next, the reason, process and aspects of the Korean War will be discussed. After the notice of the background of the KoreanRead More Korean And Vietnam Wars Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Korean War would be a radical step in fighting wars, as well as the feelings people had toward the war. All wars in American History fought before the Korean War were based on either national survival or the gain of territory. A strong conflict was created between the Soviet Union and the United States. From this conflict, tension was so strong that wars were fougt in the midst of this Cold War. The Korean War was the first America ever waged that was not foughtRead MoreSocial Differences Of The Korean War And Vietnam War826 Words   |  4 Pagescause of many wars. These two major wars, the Korean War and the Vietnam War, not only had serious impact within the country, but also give a prime example of how similar and different between the two. Both wars were commenced similarly from its conflict with expansion of a communist government and the involvement of the United States. Differences came from the involvement of the United Nation and the outcome of both wars. The similarity between the two wars is the the factorRead MoreKorean and Vietnam War Comparison Essay2108 Words   |  9 PagesThe Korean and Vietnam war are very similar in that both were the USs attempt to fight communism by waging war in a distant third world country. Both wars were unpopular in the US and both led to a lack of victory. In fact, remarkable similarities exist between the Korean War and the Vietnam War; from the US support of a dictatorial and corrupt anti-communist regime to its conception of communism as a monolithic entity, under which all communist nations were necessarily allies, rather than individualsRead MoreComparison of the Practices and Strategies Utilized in the Korean and Vietnam Wars922 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of the Practices and Strategies Utilized in the Korean and Vietnam Wars Two of the greatest battles which were fought by similar foes were those of the Korean and Vietnamese wars. Both conflicts involved a communist and capitalist participant(s) which had their own ideals and reasons for why to include themselves into such conflicts. There are also other similarities other than the opponents in these wars, such as the military tactics and strategies which wereRead MoreComparing Military Operations In Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, and Korean War1224 Words   |  5 Pagesdepended upon the overall political and military objectives of each individual conflict. The United States first three hot wars after the end of World War II display the marked difference in US objectives and the operations used to achieve them better than any other modern wars in which American troops participated. By and large the Korean War, Vietnam War, and Persian Gulf War had virtually no similarities, particularly in the ways in which each was fought. These differences lay largely in the technologyRead MoreEssay on Vietnam and Korean Wars Ruined Americas Image566 Words   |  3 PagesThe Vietnam War and Korean War greatly changed America forever. It was the longest war fought in America’s history, lasting from 1950 to 1973. Both of the Wars ruined America’s self-image by waging war against the people of Korea and Vietnam becoming the first time in history the United States failed to accomplish its stated war aims, to preserve a separate, independent, non-communist government. The elections had great effects on the America, as the communist parties of Korea and Vietnam led millionsRead More Evaluating the Success of Americas Policy of Containment of Communism1031 Words   |  5 Pagesstrategy of the US in the early years of the Cold war. The policy was to defeat the Soviet Union by preventing it from expanding the territories under its Communist control or otherwise extending its influence. This, naturally, resulted in strained relations and rivalry between the two superpowers. Despite the many difficulties, American policy of containment during the Korean War, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam War did manage to contain the expansion of CommunismRead MoreThe United Nations949 Words   |  4 Pagesyears following World War II, Korea and Vietnam were controlled by foreign powers, Japan in Korea and France in Vietnam; and once these major powers withdrew both Korea and Vietnam faced the involvement of an impending and neighboring Soviet Union. These two major international conflicts during the twentieth century can be compared and contrasted on four points: the background of the wars, the situation of United States in each war, and the situation during and results each war. Though separated byRead MoreThe United States Of World War II975 Words   |  4 PagesStates of America entered into World War II, because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (World War II). On December 7, 1941, Japan bombed the American fleet in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii (World War II). By the end of the attack, there were 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes, and 8 damaged or destroyed battleship s (Attack at Pearl Harbor). Franklin Roosevelt said that American must become â€Å"the great arsenal of democracy† (World War II). America then entered into the war at the Battle of Midway in April 1942

Wesfarmers Limited International Trade and Enterprise

Question: Discuss about theWesfarmers Limited for International Trade and Enterprise. Answer: When it comes to the leading multinationals in Australia, one name that pops the mind is Wesfarmers Limited. The company, as a group, is a multi-industry company, the highest revenue generating company and the works as a conglomerate. The location of its global headquarters is 40 The Esplanade Perth, Western Australia (Wesfarmers, 2017a). The primary interest of the company is limited to Australia and New Zealand; however, the company has its operations in Bangladesh, United Kingdom and Ireland (ASX, 2016). Retail, coal mining, fertilizers, industrial and safety products, and chemicals are the key operations of Wesfarmers (AMP Capital, 2015). In 1914, the company was formed as a co-operative for making available the services, as well as, merchandise to the Western Australias farmers. The company was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange as WES and the first time it was listed was back in 1984 (Wesfarmers, 2017b). The company has an active shareholder base of nearly 530,000, which shows its substantial presence in the market (IBIS, 2016). Wesfarmers Limited has been the largest company in terms of its revenue for the previous year, i.e., 2016, and left behind both Woolworths and BHP Billiton and the figures showed AU$65.98 billion as the revenue. The 2016 Annual Report of Wesfarmers depicted the number of employees as 220,000 and this high figure resulted in the company being the largest private sector employer. And due to being in such a position, Wesfarmers enjoys a large number of indigenous employees and this figure depicted a number which is above 3,300 (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Wesfarmers has attained the topmost position in the nation, amongst two thousand companies. The key income generating source for Wesfarmers is its Grocery Stores, along with the Supermarkets which are running in the Australian industry. The revenue for the year of 2016 stood at $66,216,000,000 and this amount was inclusive of the sales and the other revenues figures. The Managing Director of the company is Richard Goyder, who is the Chief Executive of the company. And Michael Chaney, who is the Chairman of Wesfarmers, has been given the title of Non-Executive Chairman. The company has a diversified portfolio and operates in gas processing and energy distribution, supermarket, hardware, in addition to the earlier highlighted businesses (IBIS, 2016). The resources division of the company is metallurgical coal producer and an open-cut miner, and has interests in a number of different mining operations. The Bowen Basin in Queensland, where the Curragh mine is situated, is a coal mine which produces steaming and metallurgical coal, which is then exported to South America, Europe, Japan and South-East Asia. Wesfarmers retail division is divided into a range of different operations, and is inclusive of supermarkets, convenience stores, and hardware and office supplies. The company includes: Kmart: retailer of apparel, and general merchandise, in addition to automotive services department; Coles: groceries retailer, in addition to a range of other household consumables; Officeworks: retail office supplies stores; Home Improvement: operating through Bunnings brand, which has 357 trading chain locations in both Australia and New Zealand; and Target: retailer for general merchandise, apparel and homewares (IBIS, 2016). The companies have to follow the regulatory frameworks which govern their operations in the nation the regulatory framework is in form of acts, codes and regulations. Some of the regulatory frameworks which are applicable on Wesfarmers, for having its operations in Australia, have been stated below. As the income from any company is taxed, in the same manner, the same is done for Wesfarmers. Due to this, the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 becomes applicable on the company. And as a result of its applicability, Wesfarmers has to adhere to the provisions contained in this ac; specifically pertaining to the provisions relating to Australian resident employees, covered in Division 83A of the act. The Wesfarmers Employee Share Acquisition Plan has been qualified as being a non discriminatory sharing scheme for the companys employees, as per this division of the Income Tax Assessment Act. And as is a standard phenomenon, Wesfarmers adheres to different Accounting Standards. AASB 101 is one of such accounting standards followed by Wesfarmers which relates to the Presentation of Financial Statement (Wesfarmers, 2016a). As the company is registered in Australia, there is a need for undertaking the compliances contained in the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth). Hence, the company has to follow the norms regarding the naming of company, the memorandum of the company, the appointment and duties of directors, the meetings to be scheduled, and the required disclosures. This can be evidenced from the disclosures which have been made by Wesfarmers in its Annual Report 2016. One of these was the general standard of independence of the auditor, covered through the provisions of this act. Wesfarmers also made a declaration regarding the proceedings which were brought by or on behalf of the company as per section 237 of Corporations Act (Wesfarmers, 2016a). For the purpose of this act, the substantial shareholding of the company has also been declared by Wesfarmers. The prohibitions relating to the key management personnel of Wesfarmers, in addition to the closely related parties, are reflected in the securities trading policy of the company. The provisions contained in 300A are also followed by the company. The Corporations Act, through its provisions also governs the key personnels remuneration (Wesfarmers, 2016a). Another act applicable on the company is the Competition and Consumer Act, 2002 (Cth), due to Wesfarmers being a provider of goods and services in the nation. The Federal Government announced that for 2016 it was making certain changes to section 46 of this act. As a result of these changes, if a company has a considerable market power, which allows it to act in a manner which is competitive and also provides benefits to the consumers, but at the same time, has the effect of reducing the competition, due to the exit of inferior or inefficient competitors, the same would be deemed as unlawful. The result of these provisions is the competition discouragement, due to which, the uncertainty for the company has been increased. And the company has already conveyed its disappointment to the government. These changed provisions have raised the chances of litigations being initiated against it (Wesfarmers, 2016a). The regulatory framework in Australia is confined to its jurisdictional limits. And as the company works in different parts of the world, a number of international agreements, convention and treaties have to be followed by the company. Some of these have been stated below. Wesfarmers has recognized its duty towards ensuring a sustainable future and taking a step in this direction the company follows and adheres to the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines or the GRI Guidelines. Wesfarmers followed a range of these in 2015, each of which was for a different aspect under a different category. The GRI G4 Guidelines are divided in three categories of social, economic and environmental. The company followed the GRI G4 Guidelines of G4-DMA and G4-EN5 for the energy aspect under environmental category; for effluents and waste, G4-DMA and G4-EN23, for customer health and safety under the social category, the G4-DMA and G4- PR1; and for economic performance under the economic performance aspect, the G4-DMA and G4-EC1 (Wesfarmers, 2015). The company has made a commitment towards bringing down the GHG or the greenhouse gas emissions. In order to do so, the company actively manages and monitors its emissions, and also takes steps for reducing these. The particular risks which take place as a result of changing climate have been understood by the company, especially for its business, and the company makes continuous attempts towards reducing these risks. More than 2% of the GHG emissions were reduced by Wesfarmers for 2016 in comparison to 2015. Moreover, the same have been reduced by more than 30% in comparison to the levels of 2012 (Wesfarmers, 2015). These steps, for reducing the GHG emissions, have been taken in light of the international treaties like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, in short, UNCCC, and the Kyoto Protocol. The year of 1992 saw the inception of the international convention of 1992. The same works towards the stabilization of the GHG emissions so as to reduce the negative impact of these emissions on the climate. Through this convention, the limits for GHG are specified, instead of stating merely an international treaty (Harrison, 2013). In line with UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol was established in the year of 1997 and it is also focused upon the reduction in the GHG emissions. The reason for these is the clear presence of the global warming at the present day, which is a result of the carbon dioxide emissions, which form as a result of the actions of the man (Krber, Schwirzenbeck and Barth, 2008). The objectives of UNFCCC are implemented by the Kyoto Protocol. This makes both these treaties work in a similar direction of reducing the concentration of the GHG in the atmosphere, so as to fight global warming. This is done by bringing these to a level which enables the prevention of the hazar dous anthropogenic interferences with the climate system (Massai, 2011). Under the UNFCCC is the Paris Agreement which relates to the adaption and mitigation of the GHG and this is addition to the finance for the same, which is set to initiate from 2020. The representatives of 195 different nations negotiated upon the wordings of the Paris Agreement and the same took place in Paris at the 21st Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC on December 12th 2015 (Blau, 2017). This agreement has the goal of enhancing the implementation of the UNFCCC by maintaining the global average temperate increase to under 2?C over the pre-industrial levels. In addition to this, efforts are made for putting limits to the increase of these to 1.5C over the pre-industrial levels (Bates, 2015). Wesfarmers has recognized that the change in the climate is the result of human actions and also acknowledges that Australia, as a nation and Wesfarmers, as a company, play a key role in the mitigation of this climate change. For doing the same, the company has undertaken different initiatives so that the climate can be safeguarded. The levels set under the Paris Agreement have been taken seriously by the company and it works towards restricting the global warming to the levels of 1.5C to 2C higher in comparison to the pre-industrial levels. The company believes in working together with both the government and the entire industry for the attainment of these preferred goals. For undertaking the decarbonisation in an efficient, as well as, affordable manner, the company realizes the need for assurance in the long term policies. Due to these reasons, Wesfarmers has vowed to carry on the improvements of the GHG efficiency in the operations undertaken by it, which would help in reducing t he risks based by the companys business and also the costs, in addition to making a contribution towards the improvement of changes in climate (Wesfarmers, 2017c). Taking a step in this direction, Wesfarmers has encouraged the Federal Government to make an application to the Emissions Reduction Fund, so that the additional energy efficiency initiatives can be implemented across the retail business of across the company. LED lights have been used in the businesses of the company for the development of its new stores. The retrofitting of more than 200,000 new highly efficient light fittings in its pre-existing stores has been made economically viable as a result of this, in addition for the distribution centers, in the time of seven years. Through this, an additional value of 15,000 tonnes of CO2e, i.e., carbon dioxide equivalent per year can be reduced (Wesfarmers, 2016b). Target, which is one of the retail businesses of Wesfarmers, undertook a widespread due diligence program so that it could be ensured that the importation of the regulated timber products did not include any unlawfully logged sources. The same was a response to the adoption of the Illegal Logging Act 2012 of the Europe and its regulations, by the Federal Government of Australia (Wesfarmers, 2016c). References AMP Capital. (2015) AMP Capital Sustainable Share Fund. [Online] AMP Capital. Available from: https://www.ampcapital.com.au/AMPCapitalAU/media/contents/Documents/Sustainable%20Share%20Fund/1503-ssf-stock-holdings.pdf?ext=.pdf [Accessed on: 23/04/17] ASX. (2016) Wesfarmers. [Online] ASX. Available from: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160921/pdf/43bbqf00p6wwcy.pdf [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Bates, A.K. (2015) The Paris Agreement: The Best Chance We Have to Save the One Planet We've Got. San Bernardino, CA: BOOK Publishing Company. Blau, J. (2017) The Paris Agreement: Climate Change, Solidarity, and Human Rights. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Harrison, J. (2013) The European Union and South Korea: The Legal Framework for Strengthening Trade, Economic and Political Relations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. IBIS. (2016) Wesfarmers Limited - Premium Company Report Australia. [Online] IBIS. Available from: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/australian-company-research-reports/retail-trade/wesfarmers-limited-company.html [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Krber, C., Schwirzenbeck, M. and Barth, K. (2008) The Kyoto Protocol. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Massai, L. (2011) The Kyoto Protocol in the EU: European Community and Member States under International and European Law. Prato, Italy: Springer Science Business Media. Wesfarmers. (2015) GRI G4 Content Index. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-data/gri-g4-content-index/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016a) 2016 Annual Report. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/docs/default-source/reports/2016-annual-report.pdf?sfvrsn=4 [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016b) Stakeholder engagement. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-approach/stakeholder-engagement/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2016c) 2016 Sustainability Report. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/media/1835/edited-extract-of-wesfarmers-2016-sustainability-report.pdf [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2017a) A New Head Office Wesfarmers House. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/who-we-are/our-history/a-new-head-office-wesfarmers-house [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2017b) Our History. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://www.wesfarmers.com.au/who-we-are/our-history [Accessed on: 23/04/17] Wesfarmers. (2017c) Environment. [Online] Wesfarmers. Available from: https://sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-principles/environment/climate-change-resilience/ [Accessed on: 23/04/17]

Sound effects in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay Example

Sound effects in A Streetcar Named Desire Paper Tennessee Williams uses many types of music and sound as a way to communicate emotions of characters that can’t be expressed in words. A few examples of these are the blue piano, the Varsouviana polka, Its Only A Paper Moon and the other sound effects that magnify the dramatic situations in the play. In the very beginning of scene one, Williams tells us that the blue piano expresses the spirit of the life that goes on in Elysian Fields. It is noticed when Stanley tells Blanche that Stella is pregnant towards the end of scene two. When he tells her, the blue piano becomes louder. When Stanley is shouting Stella’s name after the poker night disaster, the blue piano is played again, showing Stanley’s raw emotion as he called for her. The blue piano is mostly played during moments of loneliness, hope and passion. Some of these emotions are shown when Blanche talks about the loss of Belle Reve and her family. The hope is expressed candidly when she gets the idea of contacting Shep Huntleigh who she thinks can help her and Stella escape the ‘desperate situation’ they are in. Desire and passion is conveyed when Stanley and Stella come back to each other in scene three and when Stanley sexually abuses Blanche. The Varsouviana was the song that Blanche and her young husband, Allan Grey, were dancing to when she told him that he ‘disgusted’ her after seeing him cheat on her with a man. He then ran outside and shot himself. This polka song plays only in her head when the subject of Allan’s death is brought up or if she has a feeling of regret. For instance in scene one when Stanley asks about her being married once, the polka music rises up. We will write a custom essay sample on Sound effects in A Streetcar Named Desire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sound effects in A Streetcar Named Desire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sound effects in A Streetcar Named Desire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is also played when she has a hard time differentiating what’s real and what isn’t. Every time Blanche hears the polka music, she remembers that night and the guilt she feels for his suicide. The polka is played more often as we move forward with the play as if indicating that Blanche’s mental state is declining and getting worse as we go along. For example, when Mitch confronts Blanche about her past in scene nine. She suddenly talks about the Varsouviana, â€Å"The â€Å"Varsouviana†! The polka tune they were playing when when Allan- Wait! † In scene seven, Blanche is singing ‘It’s Only A Paper Moon’ while taking one of her hot baths. The song is about lovers and their imaginary world and that if they both believe in it, it’s not so imaginary anymore. Williams contrasted Stanley telling Stella about Blanche’s affairs in Laurel while Blanche was singing, â€Å"Say, it’s only a paper moon, Sailing over a cardboard sea – But it wouldn’t be make-believe If you believed in me! † It’s like Stanley is trying to convince Stella of one truth while Blanche is implicitly implying that anything can be real if you want it to be. This is partly the reason she feels that entwining her lies with the truth is harmless, and that as long as it sounds better than the truth, it wouldn’t hurt anybody. The trumpet and drums are heard in situations that are slightly theatrical. For example when Stella says, â€Å"It will happen! † And impulsively kisses Blanche about her and Mitch getting together. Another important moment it comes up is in scene ten, when Stanley sexually abuses Blanche: â€Å"The hot trumpet and drums from the Four Deuces sound loudly. † Plastic theatre is when the playwright uses props, sound and stage directions to show the experiences that the characters have gone through. In Blanche’s case, Williams uses the Varsouviana polka as a way for Blanche to vividly remember the night of Allan’s suicide. The polka tune also brings up feelings of regret that Blanche has about her actions of the time she stayed at the Flamingo Hotel. This is shown when Stanley gives her the bus ticket for her to go back to Laurel. An additional sound as plastic theatre are the ‘inhuman jungle voices’ that Blanche hears in scene ten and eleven. The voices convey her feeling in the situations the voices are heard. One of them is when Stanley is advancing towards her and she feels like an animal trapped in a corner. She feels like she is the prey and Stanley or the matron is the predator trying to catch her. The locomotives represent Stanley and his desire to bring down Blanche. Every time there is a discovery of Blanche’s embarrassing and shameful past through Stanley, the sound of a locomotive is present. When he overhears what Blanche really thinks about him, a locomotive is also present. Locomotives give out strong, dominating sounds, which mirror Stanley’s character. Therefore, without the blue piano, the Varsouviana or Williams’ use of plastic theatre and juxtaposes, the play wouldn’t seem so dramatic. The polka exaggerates Blanche’s declining mental state and makes the audiences emotions for her change from disrespecting her for her promiscuous past to sympathy because its not entirely her fault. In my opinion, I find Stanley’s dialogue juxtaposed with Blanche’s singing in scene seven the most intriguing use of music and dialogue compared to the others.

Pantheon essays

Pantheon essays In 476 AD, the fall of the Roman Empire marked the beginning of the Middle Ages. However, before its fall, the empire was divided into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires. In 476, the Western Roman Empire fell, while the Eastern Roman Empire, whose capital became Constantinople, preserved Roman culture and became the Byzantine Empire (Tomlinson, 41). And while the architecture of the Byzantine Empire was primarily based on the great legacy of Roman formal and technical achievements, their forms are more different than similar. The Pantheon in Rome one of the greatest structures and most influential buildings of all time (Trachtenberg, 139) is often compared to the Hagia Sophia, the one work that realizes the ideal Byzantine model (Trachtenberg, 173). Although the Pantheon in Rome has provided a model for the Hagia Sophia, the different Architectural styles have proven them more different than alike. The Pantheon in Rome, which was dedicated to all the Gods, was built by Hadrian between AD 118 and 128. It consists of three major elements: a domed cella, a Corinthian porch, and a rectangular structure between the two, connecting them. This was very similar to the basic setup of the traditional Roman temple, however, what makes the Pantheon so remarkable is mainly its size. After passing through the 85-foot-high porch and the 20-foot wide and 40-foot high doorway, one would enter the cylindrical base 142 feet in diameter. The hemispherical dome above, whose height reaches 142 feet above the floor with a central opening (oculus), open to the sky. The walls consist of eight large widely separately piers leaving eight niches, with one as the entrance and the others as statues of the gods. Hagia Sophia was built as the new Cathedral of Constantinople by the Emperor Justinian in 532. The building was completed in 537, with Hagia Sophia under construction for only 5 years. Both the speed of the ...

Modern Tourism Industry and its Impact on the Places Visited Term Paper

Modern Tourism Industry and its Impact on the Places Visited - Term Paper Example However, the benefits to the environment cannot be ignored in the sense that the idea of landscaping beautifies the environment and attracts more tourists’ to the lovely environment created. The issue of draining swamps near touristic developments has proven beneficial to the local inhabitants. Lastly, we consider how tourism affects the culture of an area. Many are the times that tourism development has been shown to lead to the erosion of the cultural identity of an area. However, the main aim of a touristic travel is not to erode the culture of an area but rather many tourist travels to experience the culture of the community that they visit. With these in mind, it is, therefore, right to disagree with the argument that modern tourism is destroying the places visited, and these we shall closely examine and prove in the subsequent paragraphs as we examine the individual aspects that tourism has influenced. Tourism does affect the culture of a society both positively and negatively. Ding and Pigram observed that tourism might encourage the maintenance of culture and tradition (1995: 8). They further state that the maintenance of traditional ways and goods needed to be restored because that is what attracted tourists. The constant visits from tourists helped in boosting and maintenance of the local cultures. Tourism represents an interface of cultural exchange it does allow for the interaction between communities and visitors who travel to experience the local cultures of a given community. Tourism allows these visitors to learn about the different cultures of the world. It also allows the appreciation of the various cultural diversity of the society that they visit. Tourists also learn and appreciate the new perspectives on life and society.

Why Companies Should Green Their Supply Chain Management Research Paper

Why Companies Should Green Their Supply Chain Management - Research Paper Example Sourcing of raw materials with right quality and lower price necessitated movement of materials across the continents. On the other hand, shifting of production facilities to the places where the cost of labor is cheap is also considered by the companies. These twin strategies result into movement of raw materials and finished products from place to place cutting across the borders of the nations. The increase in the level of activity in the flow of the movement of goods over the period of time necessitated revisiting of the strategies by the corporate companies in respect of supply chain management with a view to reduce cost. However, the developments that have been taking place in the environmental front warrant corporate social responsibility (CSR) in view of atmospheric pollution which leads to global warming, water pollution, human rights issues involved, and extinction of animal and plant species. Judicious use of natural resources in the process is very important for maintaini ng ecological balance and the welfare and rights of the future generations. Also, growth at the current level with the accelerated use of natural resources is not sustainable in the long run. ... Green supply chain management Parry, P., Martha, J. & Grenon, G. (2007) state â€Å"the supply chain is the production and distribution network that encompasses the sourcing, manufacturing, transportation, commercialization, distribution, consumption, and disposal of goods, from the ore mine to the trash can†. Primarily, the uninhibited consumption of energy at various levels leads to inflation in the energy prices. The cascading effect of the increasing fuel prices results into inflation in food prices and becomes a threat to food security. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions is considered to be very serious as the damage to the environment could be irreversible. Supply chain management needs to play an important role in reduction in the consumption of energy in an organization. This could be achieved through a comprehensive corporate strategy which encompasses conservation of energy on voluntary basis, compliance with the regulations as a good corporate citizen, savings i n cost by reducing emissions, adoption of standards issued by various agencies and environmental auditing, water and effluents treatment, recycling, waste disposal and renewable energy. For instance, according to a study by Canning, P. et al. (2010) food processing showed the largest growth in energy use. Recycling of packing materials, generation of electricity from waste and avoiding use of environmentally unfriendly packing materials in the industry would not only be beneficial to the environment and the society but also results into cost saving. According to Bruntland report  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Development that meets the  needs  of the present without compromising the  ability  of future generations to meet their own needs† (The World Bank Group, 2001). Emission of

Internationalization And Globalization Strategy Business Essay

Internationalization And Globalization Strategy Business Essay This paper attempts to explore the notion of regionalisation in the global context and critically analyse the theory and practice of regional strategy as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino analysis. Globalization, Regionalisation, Regional Strategy Theory. Executive Summary It is clear enough that in todays era it is extremely critical for firms to adopt global and regional business strategies in order to attain sustainable competitive advantage. But the question arises regarding classification of a MNE (Multinational Enterprise) as a global firm. This essay critically analyses the work on regional strategy as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino and attempts to cover the following aspects in detail. Notion of Globalization and Global Strategy This section highlights the notion of globalization and way organizations today establish a global presence by adoption of unique business strategies. This part also details the three different kind of global strategies. Regional Strategy Analysis This part analyzes the theory and practice of regional strategy concept of Globalization in particular as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino (2008). It aims to justify that in todays era very few global firms exists and secondly that sufficient amount of international business literature and theory is required to draw reflection on regional vs global MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) strategy. The Theory of the Regional Strategy This section explains the concept of regional strategy analysis and illustrates the various regional theories as explained by Osegowitsch and Sammartino. Introduction With the concept of globalization and internationalization gaining more and more momentum everyday, this essay attempts to critically analyse the work of Osegowitsch and Sammartino on regional strategy. It starts with explaining the concept of globalisation and global strategy and tries to justify that in todays era very few global firms exist. Secondly, it tries to establish that significant amount of international business literature and theory is demanded in order to draw conclusion on regional vs global MNEs strategy by exploring the theory of regional strategy. Notion of Globalization and Global Strategy Globalization can be defined as a complex concept which enables firms to operate in various continents and countries across the globe in order to improve and maximise their profit margins, sustainability, worldwide existence and economies of scale (Blyton et al., 2001, p446). Globalization provides platform not only to consumers but also to organizations to help them satisfy their needs globally. According to Marquardt Berger (2003, p286), Trade, Travel, Technology and Television are the four major developments that have resulted in Globalization. The four Ts of global development are the outcome of human brain and its creative innovations. These advancements have further encouraged and made possible continuous exchange of ideas, information and knowledge between human resources by breaking the barriers of distance. Moving ahead, Bratton Gold (2007, p92) state that Globalization is a global process of political convergence, social economies and national sentiments, in which space, time and Government are not given much importance. The paragraph below will now highlight the three different views on global strategy. The First view states that the global strategy is one of the particular and specific forms of Multinational Enterprise (MNE) Strategy. Further, it highlights the fact that Globalization considers all the countries of the world alike (Levitt, 1983, p97). The Second view considers global strategy as International Strategic Management (Bruton et al., 2004, p418) which is no doubt wider concept than global strategy mentioned in the first view. Lastly, the third view describes global strategy in even broader term; The strategy of the firms that exist all over the globe and this can be concluded as the firms theory of how to become a successful competitor (Peng, 2006). Having discussed the various forms of global strategies which are adopted by firms today, this essay now moves ahead to analyse the theory and practice of regional strategy concept of Globalization in particular as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino (2008). It aims to justify that in todays era very few global firms exists and secondly that sufficient amount of international business literature and theory is required to draw reflection on regional vs global MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) strategy. The Regional Strategy Theories According to Rugman and Verbeke (2007), recent literature on globalization suggests that a firm is categorised as global if maximum 50% of its total sales are in its home territory (EU) and minimum 20% of sales in each of the NAFTA zone and Asia. He adds to it by bringing to surface the outcome of survey based upon this theory that indicated only nine global firms in Fortune Global 500 and also the orientation of numerous firms towards the home-region. In response to the above mechanism for classifying the firm as global, Osegowitsch and Sammartino (OS) (2008) have provided three basic criteria and comments that can be helpful in future classification of firms according to their geographic sales dispersion. Firstly, OS suggest that it is not appropriate to classify statistical data straightaway. It should be realised that since this is a growing area of research, usage of any kind of classification tool is open to criticisms as it is not simply the categorization of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) following particular regional strategy theories. As an example, OS focus on building and having strong position in the region by illustrating that if the EU, NAFTA region and Asia represents 90% of the total world sales output, an absolute division would require all the three regional triads to have 30% sales each and not 33.3% in order to encourage the strategy of lower thresholds. In other words, a firm can be defined as global if it has at least 20% of the total sales in the two host-triad regions and without any kind of imposition on the maximum sales threshold in the home territory (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007, p2). Additionally, it should also be noted that it is not at all relevant to cat egorize a firm as having strong position in the market if its threshold is lower than 20% of the total sales. OS even conducted a simulation using threshold value as 10% of the net sales in order to identify a string position in the host region as it would result to USD $1 billion even for the smallest of the Fortune Global 500 firms. But unfortunately, it didnt present a strong position and can by no means be considered as an essence for strategic decision making in the worlds largest organizations. OS clearly argues that using various thresholds is helpful in assessing the sensitivity of firms positions in the classification system but the main function should always be to provide an assessment of the Future Global 500 and to easily track firms whose thresholds are continuously changing from one category of threshold to another. A clear example of this is Nokia which encountered a 4% decline in sales in the year 2002. However, this change in sales pattern reflected a short term fa ilure in inter-regional growth but OS criticizes that it cannot be simply neglected. Movement of Nokia from a global organization in 2001 towards a home based firm in 2001 was a remarkable concern. In one line, it can be stated that having threshold below 20% simply leads to generation of more bi-regional firms and which cant be regarded as truly global organizations. Moving ahead, the second regional strategy criterion which OS highlights is that the sales variations are highly industry specific. According to OS, industry plays a significant role and all future researched should aim at exploring the regional vs global strategies at the industry specific levels and try to establish the difference. It is truism that a majority of firms are not properly internationalized and their sizes varies across regions but then its some of the worlds biggest MNEs that have constantly been regarded as capable of compensating for the weaknesses of the other sectors in different regions of the world. The main point to be considered is that our analysis are independent of differential size of numerous industries that exist across the region, as MNEs are able to establish regional markets and to further develop insufficient markets. Lastly, in third comment it is argued that it would be irrelevant to prefer regional strategy over global strategy. Regional strategies come into existence when it becomes very difficult or impossible to adopt conventional global strategies efficiently, or when they fail to function, keeping in mind that global strategies cannot be evaluated in isolation. Further, it can be said that heterogeneous geographic space beyond the home country border is essential for most of the companies now if not all of them. Moving ahead, this section of the essay will now make an attempt to tackle the criticism formed by OS concerning the contribution of regional strategy to the international business theory. According to (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007, p3), the regional strategy is structured around three simple but fundamental empirical observations which demand international business theory to be extended and enhanced. First of all, only a small number of MNEs have a balanced geographical sales distribution pattern across the global market, although it counts towards the risk diversification at the downstream end of the value chain. OS illustrate that a balanced and structured distribution of sales geographically would contribute towards enhanced global acceptance by the customers of the companys products and services. With only the exception of resource-based industries, the triad comprising the EU, NAFTA region and Asia demonstrates a first cut though not certainly a fixed one mechanism to identify the extent to which an MNEs net sales are distributed worldwide. Further, this triad has gained so much importance as it is the home of worlds most large MNEs as well as the locus for a number of outstanding innovations in most industrial sectors. The triad also demonstrates the world demand pattern for most knowledge intensive services and goods. But its unfortunate to mention that only a small number of MNEs in the Fortune Global 500 are capable of performing equally well in each of the three regions of the triad. It is often observed that a strong position in the home-triad region is not supported with an equally strong position in both the other two remaining triad environments. Classification tools are now irrelevant as among the firms with international operations only a small percentage are truly global i.e. may be even less than 5% (Ghemawat and Ghadar, 2006). They further add to it and state that different firms rule in different parts of the world. Second wing of the regional strategy focuses on the fact that several MNEs have regional features in the organizational structure such as geographic divisions and having individual divisions for different regions is supported mainly by the concept of regional heterogeneity demanding idiosyncratic management. In this case, the intra-regional institutional and economic distance is not just smaller but also very different from that of the interregional. It has been observed that for most MNEs, managing operations and work system in EU is very different from functioning system of the NAFTA region or as compared with the work cultural of Asian environment. These differences may further be enhanced if the work unit is further subdivided into smaller units. Fratiannin (2006) states that these differences in work system signal the importance of regional level in the business strategy and structure of MNEs. Today, almost all big firms such as Toyota, General Electric (GE) have embedded region al elements in their business and operational strategies and these companies are often wrongly referred to as global organizations not just because of lack of balanced geographic distribution but also because of their world wide global operations and manufacturing (Ghemawat, 2005, p102). Thirdly, it should be noted that more than fifty percent of the geographic area in terms of sales is normally the main source of the firms cash flows and the centre point of most of the firms both tangible and intangible assets. In the coming years, the concept of having more than 50% sales in the home territory would not be significant enough in EU and North America specifically but it would gain momentum in Asian region as intra-regional distance is minimizing and thereby driven by a reduction of investment barriers and trade. Competition among industries would be more prevalent at the regional level instead of the national level. OC highlight that attention should now be laid on the development of classification tool that will help bundle the home country sales with the sales in the remainder of the home territory rather than paying attention separately to the sales in the home region and remaining of the home region especially for MNEs based in Asia and EU. Moving ahead, the above discussed observations and theories clearly demonstrate the need for an extended international business theory. These observations are independent of specific categorization approaches to measure specific home-region vs rest-of-the-world market position of MNEs. A trend has always been seen that all the MNEs are much stronger in their home regions as compared to that in other triad regions. These top MNE firms have formulated their organizational structures around the regional component and a varying market position in each region raises call for a regional approach rather than a global strategy approach. The paragraph below now will bring to surface the three main components for the extension on mainstream international business theory (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007, p3). Firstly, it is noticed that impact of country border does not provide strong basis for distinguishing between non- location bound (or internationally deployable/exploitable) and location bound. In todays period of excess regionalization, it is very easy for some companies to exploit and deploy their strengths throughout the home country border. Further, proxies for internationally transferable FSAs such as firms level predictors of internationalization like firms level of RD do not hold much importance in explaining intra-regional expansion occurring in home region, given the distance gap between the home country and rest of the home region is very less. As a result of well-functioning trans-European transport and logistics networks enabling fast response and just in time strategies covering the whole continent, the significance of geographic distance has decreased in EU. The EU integration process itself has let to decrease in Institutional distance. Further, Economic distance has l ost its relevance because of many reasons such as development of new services and products at par with European level, possibility of cross border shopping made possible by web based searches, continuous attempts made by many companies to gain scale and scope efficiencies at the European level and lastly, increased importance of EU as a geographic space to ascertain companys conduct, structure and importance. Finally, decreased significance of conventional measures of cultural distance mainly in the business to business area as it is easy to get labour in Europe, considerable increase in use of English as the lingua franca inside the region. On sharp contrast between past and present position of conventional location bound FSAs it can be clearly stated that previously they allowed firm expansion only upto country borders but now it can be easily upgraded, and made deployable and exploitable even beyond the home country borders and also in other home region countries. Secondly, their is a need to reconsider the fact that non-location-bound FSAs like technological knowledge or brand can be easily exploited and deployed nationwide. Today also it is necessary to complement existing FSA bundles with an additional FSA bundle in high distance environments which implies distance still plays an important role. According to Ghemawat (2005, p104), there are several ways to differentiate between low and high distance environments, one major distinction being that between home regions and host regions in a triad context. Moreover, it is clear that extension and scope of mainstream international theory is free from any scholars disagreeing with the concept of the triad region as the best proxy to discriminate between low-distance environments (in this case the home-triad region) and high-distance environment (in this case the two host-triad regions). High distance implies to making more substantial investments in order to complement its present FSA bundles, al so enabling maximum and profitable exploitation in the host region environment. Here, the apparent trade off becomes obvious: further the efforts to expand the high-distance environment may not be proved to be as successful and profitable as the expansion of low distance environment, even if it is suggested by macro-level parameters which measure the attractiveness of the high-distance environment that they have strong location advantages. As stated by Nachum and Wymbs (2007, p240) in regard to global cities that FSAs and location advantages are dependent on each other. High distance bundles also has many risk factors along with it like melding the extant FSA bundles with newly developed or accessed resources in the high distance environment may lead to burdened with several operational problems, decreased or disappointing sales, as exemplified by the retreat of some of the worlds largest MNEs from high-distance contexts, for example, Wal-Marts exit from Germany and Korea. . Thirdly, the theoretical difference between the two FSAs namely location bound and non-location bound FSAs assume conventionally easy developments and profitable exploitation of FSAs (like brand names or technological knowledge of proprietary) across borders. Moreover, it is very essential to acclimatize the brief contents of these two concepts to the authenticity of regionalization. More particularly, the factors that determine the extent of FSAs are, its distance accompanied by its geographic, institutional, economic and cultural components. The level at which a FSA should be called location-bound vs non-location bound is estimated by decay in value across a space. On the basis of terms like region bound nature of FSAs and the liability of inter regional foreignness it has been highlighted that for international business other geographic borders hold more importance than conventional country borders in our previous study. After studying the concepts and theories of regional strategy, we now try to establish the extent to which Procter Gamble could be categorized as a global firm in terms of its business and operational strategies. The Case of Procter Gamble Procter Gamble Co. One of the worlds leading consumer goods manufacturer such as Tide, Pantene, Ariel etc was established in 1837 from an original candle and soap company. The firm now operates in 180 nations with more than 138,000 employees. According to Lafley, A. G., Chairman of the Board and chief Executive Officer, PG, the firm has over 171 years of history and has always been driven by creativity and innovation. Additionally, improved sales and long term success have always been the strategic goals of this corporation. And it understands the fact that these goals can be attained by constantly appreciating changing consumers needs, innovation, branding and market needs. Depending entirely on skunk work such as acquisitions, internal RD and selective innovations has proved to be inefficient and insufficient for attaining the business target of $4 billion business in a time period of one year. It can be clearly seen that invent- it-ourselves model along with global research facilities and recruiting and holding of the best talent nationwide attained success till the year 2000 but nowadays satisfying high levels of top line growth has become a big challenge for an organization The approach through which the radical strategy of open innovation helped an organization attain its business mission and goal can be typified in the following lines. To face the challenge, PG adopted a brand new technique of innovation: Develop and Connect model in the year 2000 which lays great importance on searching good and new ideas and information outside and bringing them in, in order to give internal capabilities a boost and make most out of them. With the perspective of manufacturing improved and relatively cheaper products faster the business strategy involved in this model was to leverage assets of people, products and property available externally and applying it to their respective RD labs, purchasing, market capabilities and production. The foremost work of this strategy is to recognize top ten preferences and needs of the consumer. Moreover, it is very essential that the customers are fully satisfied by the products manufactured and which will finally result in increased sales and profit. Moving ahead, alike products or related technologies which already exist in the market and occupy good position are recognized. Lastly, analysing the influence of technological acquisition of one area over the other areas. Networking is the backbone of this approach. Along with having business collaborations with open networking companies such as InnoCentive and Ninesigma, the PG group has long chain of suppliers and technological entrepreneurs worldwide. They play a crucial role by finding solutions to PG internal problems in the outside world. Thus, by constructing such type of infrastructure PG has been able to reduce its investment in technology along with achieving stable top line growth and required sustainability. According to Huston, L. Sakkab, N., 2000, p.3 by shifting to Connect and Develop model their has been a remarkable increment in our RD production by 60% and the progress rate of innovation has undoubtedly doubled. The Procter Gamble figures out how an organization can maximize its profitability levels by switching to new and annovative The Procter Gamble examples mirrors the way how switching to new and innovative approaches of using information and technology can help maximise profit margins. It is one of the organisations which has developed enabling infrastructure fabricated around innovation with a huge world wide network combining human capital, ideas and technology. Conclusion This essay has brought to surface a number of strategies which can help firms to establish strong positions globally like having a threshold of 20% etc. The main aim which was to justify that a firm cannot be simply categorized as global based upon statistical data has been justified. A number of measures have also been illustrated which can help differentiate the firms regional strategy from the global strategy.

Asa Framework :: essays research papers

In recent years businesses in the United States are becoming more diverse places in which to work. Workforce diversity with respect to race, gender, and ethnicity has increased as result of socio-cultural changes, and is to some extent protected by law. While demographic diversity in American businesses has become more apparent, a range of individual differences in the values, attitudes, beliefs, and personalities of their employees is assumed to have existed for some time. However Benjamin Schneider, a psychology professor at the University of Maryland, argues that the range of individual differences in the above mentioned psychological variables becomes less common within businesses over time. Schneider has proposed an attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) framework to explain how organizations behave (440). The main proposition of Schneider’s work is that businesses do not determine behavior. Instead employees determine the company culture. Attraction to a company, selection by it, and attrition from it yield particular kinds of persons within a company. These people determine organizational behavior (Scheneider,1987). From 1997 to 1999 I was employed with a company named TNA North America. This was a company based out of Sydney-Australia, dedicated to selling and servicing packaging equipment to various customers in North America. At this company we all had very similar values, attitudes and beliefs. One of the employees who was very different from the rest of us was the general sales manager. He was different from rest of us in many ways. TNA North America is well known for servicing well to its customers, and all of us at TNA were very used to work ten or twelve hours each day to make sure our customer’s needs were satisfied. In the other hand was the sales manager who only worked six to seven hours each day, and very often did not go to the office for days. Business travel is a big portion of the company budget, therefore we always got the most economical plane tickets. The sales manager was known for flying first class and spending lots of company funds during trade shows, customer visi ts and conferences. This behavior was just not acceptable to the rest of the company. He came to work for us from a company that was our competitor, and he came with good references and showed an extensive knowledge about the industry. During his first 6 months he tried to get along with the rest of the employees, and he also tried to get some projects going with different customers.

Nonviolent video game Essay

The future of entertainment resolves around technology. Video games become more and more realistic. Moreover, the main consumers for violent video games are teens, which the games encourage killing and fighting enemies. However, some of us who play this video game may ask the same question in their mind including myself: â€Å"Do violent video games influence youth to act aggressively and violence? † Overplaying video games can have many disastrous effects on teen, but limiting game-play can reduce the chance to get the effects. Scientist has believed that violent video games are more harmful than violent TV Programs and Films. There are three reasons that show video games are more harmful than TV Programs and Films. First, video game play is active whereas watching TV is passive. People learn better when they are actively involved. Best example to describe is participating during class time, which mean that you ask and answer question in the class. Second, players of violent video games are more likely to identify with a violent character. If the game is a first person shooter, players have the same visual perspective as the killer. If the game is third person, the player controls the actions of the violent character from a more distant visual perspective. However in a violent TV program, viewers might or might not identify with a violent character, which prevent them to do something that should not happened in the real life. Third, violent games directly reward violent behavior, such as by awarding points or by allowing players to advance to the next game level. In some games, players are rewarded through verbal praise, such as hearing the words â€Å"Nice shot! † after killing an enemy. It is well known that rewarding behavior increases the tendency of the player to be addicted to the game. While in TV programs reward is not directly tied to the viewer’s behavior and it will just produce some pissed of feeling to the person who they don’t like. Although the scientific evidence clearly shows that violent video games have harmful effects, many people still deny these effects, especially violent game players. However, some people claim that violent video games are good for us and some players believe that violent video games are cathartic, it mean that they allow players to release pent up anger or release stress easily. Moreover they need this game because to release their stress or not they will not commit suicide. Nevertheless, it’s depended on the user of the video games, whether video games will promote aggression and violence or not. In my opinion, playing violent games it’s ok, but don’t be to addict to the game or overplay. Once you get addicted and play everyday, you may become on of them: Eric Harris or Dylan Klebold who work together to killed their entire classmates in the school, because to much playing violent video games. It happened in Jefferson Country, Colorado (20 April, 1999) and it is the worse school shooting in U. S. A. So now it depend on you how efficient you use video games.

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